As for language, there's a fantastic Norwegian charicaturist, Ragnvald Blix (also known as Stig H??k during the war). Back in 1917-20, I can't remember the exact year, he draws the Norwegian class strugle with baricades and fighting. A bolchevik from Russia comes over and askes "How's the revolution going?", to which the reply is "We're still deciding on how to spell it!", which sort of summs up the language conflict within Norwegian society for ages. What's quite funny is that the two languages in question are so similar, they are probably more similar than English with a Geordie accent and English with a Glaswegian accent. Different, but very alike.
It all started back in the 1840s and 1850s when nationalism started to emerge in most European nations. German nationalism is a great example, but Norway wasn't far behind. While painters drew up a national romantic image of the sober farmer, self reliant, strong, pure, christian and humble (absolute codwollop, as far from the mark as you could come, we drank like Dickensian alcoholics), but as the national identity started to develop under Swedish rule, the language became key to national identity, as is so often the issue.
In Norway's case, we ended up with two major camps, one working with making the Danish language (the written language of Norway for hundereds of years), while some chap called Ivar Aasen traveled through the land writing down dialects. He made a new written language from scratch, and it became more and more popular. Heard of Ibsen? He was a fan of Riksmaal, which was based on Danish. Probably the only Norwegian from the 19th century you've heard about. Perhaps Bj?rnson, Kielland and Lie as well. Don't remember about the two latter, but I believe Bj?rnson was also in favor of Riksmaal. And so were Hamsun, if I'm not mistaken.
Anyway. Today, we've got two legally equal written languages. Most people use bokm?l (developed from Riksmaal), while about 15-20 % use nynorsk (new Norwegian, Ivar Aasen's language), any letter written to a public service in Norway in any of two said languages most get a reply in said language. This means that most letters in New Norwegian are written very badly. Added to that, the national broadcaster, NRK, have to have 20 % content in New Norwegian. They manage this by texting a lot in New Norwegian. Those who remember the Soap parody Soaps, it was texted in New Norwegian. Added to that, every student in schools in Norway must learn both languages (they have a main language, and a second language, their proficiancy in the second doesn't need to be as good, but should be quite good).
Not that I really care. We understand each other perfectly. Those who say they don't understand New Norwegian just don't want to understand it. I'm a bokm?l user, though.
I think the best example is the Balkans. Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats all speak the same language. They say they don't understand each other, but it's hogwash, it's just a matter of not wanting to understand for ideological reasons.
Language. And we say religion leads to conflict?