[root@xxx ~]# uname -a
Linux xxx.yyy.zzz 2.6.11-1.1226_FC4 #1 Mon Apr 4 20:55:33 EDT 2005 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@xxx ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep name
model name : AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3200+
Runs fine on Linux for both the x86_64 packages and (if I need to) the i386 32 bit packages. This is one of the earlier ones, from Dec 2003 I think. Haven't tried it on Windows, but all of the Athlon64's at least will run just fine on both 32 and 64bit.
The Itanium from Intel and Opteron(?) from AMD, are however "real" 64bit CPU, so they will only work with 64bit OS'es and applications (or that is, compiled for 64bit). Those two models are meant mostly for servers, though.