1900's Spyker 60/80 HP
It had a 6-cyl engine, at least 60hp (as much as 80 I assume), 4 wheel drive and brakes on all 4 wheels. This is before 1910 remember, most cars were making as much as 8hp. Plus it was the first road car to have 4wd and a 6-cylinder engine. Just based on the numbers it seems like an early supercar.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/20/Spyker-60-HP_1903_000.jpg
1910's Rolls Royce Silver Ghost
I don't know about that many cars from this time, the Silver Ghost was the only thing that came to mind. It made a name for Rolls Royce and was produced for nearly 20 years. There were many different customizations made for various owners in high places, some of which look quite good.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/20/1912_Rolls-Royce_Silver_Ghost.jpg
1920's Bentley Speed 6 or 6 1/2 Litre
W.O. Bentley upped the displacement of the 4 1/2 Litre to make what is known as the 6 1/2 Litre. Bentley had racked up several victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans at this point; the drivers were known as the "Bentley Boys". When Bentley Motors was running out of money, W.O. was forced to sell it to some of the "Bentley Boys". W.O. was still in charge of designs, but no approval from him was necessary any more. The famous "Blower Bentley" was actually not approved by W.O. Bentley himself. He hated forced induction, I think he's one of the first to use the phrase "there's no replacement for displacement". The supercharged 4 1/2 Litre (Blower Bentley) proved to be unreliable and never won an important race. In comparison, the 6 1/2 Litre produced a similar amount of power, was much more reliable, and was much more fuel efficient. As a result, the 6 1/2 Litre won the 24 Hours of Le Mans two years in a row. And it just looks great, very brutish compared to the rival Bugatti's.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/20/800px-Bentley_Speed_Six.JPG
1930's Bucciali TAV 12 by Saoutchik, also known as the TAV8-32
I would cheat and post the Bugatti Type 57SC Atlantic as well, but since it was already posted I'll just stick with the Bucciali. Bucciali was a small French manufacturer that built extremely exclusive luxury cars. They built a handful of beautiful front wheel drive vehicles, and the TAV 12 is the most beautiful one they made. It had a sleeve valved V12 built by Voisin and the body was made by coachbuilder Saoutchik. There is conflicting information about how many were produced, but two are known to exist. One is in France somewhere, and the other is owned by a family that lives pretty close to where I live.
That one had a rough life, its body was separated from its chassis very early on. The body ended up on a RWD Bugatti chassis, but over the course of many years the car was restored to its original condition. It was at last year's Meadowbrook Concours event and it was a breathtaking thing to behold.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/20/autowp.ru_prochie_bucciali_tav_8-32_saoutchik_-fleche_d-or-_berline_1_001.jpg
1940's Tatra T87
This started production in the mid 30's but continued throughout the 40's. Tatra was a Czechoslovakian manufacturer known for the T77, T87 and T97. The T87 was a rear engined, V8 powered luxury car. The styling was very distinctive of the Tatra brand. It wasn't quite as wild as the T77 or maybe as influential as the T97 whose design was "borrowed" by Porsche for what became the VW Beetle. But the T87 is quirky enough to make it stand out.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/tatra_t87_005.JPG
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/Tatra_T87_2_013.jpg
1950's Citroen DS
It was very beautiful and looked like nothing else on the road at the time. Compared to other cars from the 50's the Citroen DS looks like it came from another planet. There was also the various technical innovations featured on the DS such as hydro-pneumatic suspension which allowed for a "magic carpet" ride, disc brakes, variable ground clearance, a semi-auto transmission, and later directional headlights.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/Citroen_DS_001.JPG
1960's Lamborghini Miura
I would post the Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 Stradale, but without the Miura, Lamborghini would not be where they are today. How can anyone not like the Miura? It was Lamborghini's first radical looking supercar. Several other competitors are said to be better to drive, but it doesn't matter. With a V12 in the middle and wild styling, the Miura set the standard for supercars.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/miura.jpg
1970's De Tomaso Pantera
An Italian sports car with a big American V8, the Pantera was a replacement for the Mangusta. The Mangusta looked fantastic but was plagued by handling problems and it was no received well. The Pantera had the performance to back up the looks. The 5.8L Ford V8 was located in the middle and made 330hp. There were several different models built over the course of 20 years, but the earliest models are the ones that look the best IMO. Quentin Willson once accidentally, and spectacularly, crashed a new Pantera on the old Top Gear.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/Pantera.jpg
1980's Renault R5 Turbo
A French supermini that was changed to a mid engined RWD sports car?
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/0308_02z1986_renault_r5_turbo2rear_side_view.jpg
1990's Bugatti EB110 SS
There are many awesome cars made in the 90's, but this one was always one of my favorites. The standard EB110 had a 3.5L V12 with 4 turbochargers, AWD, active aerodynamics, 6-speed manual and luxurious interior. It sounds kind of like what Jaguar promised the XJ220 would be. It made around 550hp in standard form and could easily do 0-60mph in around 4 seconds and had a top speed north of 210mph. The SuperSport model (SS) had over 600hp and weighed over 300lbs less than the standard EB110. The SS was said to do 0-60mph in less than 3.5 seconds and had a top speed of over 215mph. The F40, XJ220, Diablo and F1 get most attention as far as supercars go, but I really like the EB110 for some reason.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/bugatti-eb-110-ss-2.jpg
2000's Bentley Brooklands
I love the old-school type Bentleys and the Brooklands is the ultimate form. It's beautiful in its own way, and the attention to detail is amazing. The Arnage itself is extremely luxurious, but the Brooklands seems to be even more so. Plus it has 530hp/770 lb-ft of torque, it can do 0-60mph in 5 seconds and the top speed is right around 185mph. The fact that this ~6000 lb hand-built luxury coupe is that powerful, that good looking and that fast makes it ridiculously cool if you ask me.
https://pic.armedcats.net/a/an/anonymous/2008/08/21/Bentley-Brooklands_2008_1600x1200_wallpaper_07.jpg