@BR
Social security is funded directly and does not count as an expense from the general income tax. Now if we could get congress to quit stealing from the fund.
I know SS is directly funded which is why I said she does not make enough money to even pay regular Income tax. I am sure she pays payroll taxes though part of those payroll taxes might be refunded to her in the form of credits.
SS is still part of the overall budget and is counted in as transfer payments so when you have a state with a lot of retirees like Florida or a lot of retirees and poor people like say West Virginia then there is a ton of money coming in but not nearly as much going out just in FICA.
The article says Federal Taxes and not just income taxes so I assume they are counting all federal taxes, which would include FICA along with say the gas tax plus other taxes, in with their calculations and not just the income tax.
If you look and Median Age and income of Say WV and FL compared to say CA and CT it becomes very clear. This is all in 2010 so it is 2010 dollars, not that there has been any inflation in two years, and 2010 population.
WV has a Median age of 41.3 with 16.1 percent of their population at 65 and over. Florida is slightly older at 17.7 percent and median age of 40.7. WV's median income by household in 2010 was $39,444 and FL's was $45,609.
CT is not much younger then FL with 14.% over the age of 65 and a median age of 40 but CT has one of the highest household incomes in the country at $65,883. Just glancing at the chart and only NJ, AK and MD have higher household income.
California is even younger again then CT with a median age of 35.2 and 11.3% of the population at 65 or over. The median household income is $59,540. California though has a ton of Defense department money pouring into the state from both defense contractors and military bases. That offsets their demographics and pushes them down to just slightly net positive on taxes.
PA is also interesting with its place at net zero for federal taxes. Its income of $50,458 is very close to the median income of the US which is $51,144. The median age is 40.1 but 15.4% of the population is 65 or over. That is what pushes them to the net zero position. I do not think PA has a huge amount of bases though they do have some defense contractors. PA also has a sizable population of rural and urban poor.